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Plaistow ( or 〔Wells, J. C. (2008). ''Longman Pronunciation Dictionary'', 3rd edn, Harlow, UK: Longman〕〔Daniel Jones, Peter Roach, et al. (2011). ''Cambridge Pronouncing Dictionary'', 18th edn, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univeristy Press〕) is an urban area in the London Borough of Newham in east London immediately south of West Ham. It forms the majority of the London E13 postcode district. Plaistow is a residential area, including several council estates. The main roads are the A112, Prince Regent Lane/ Greengate Street/ The Broadway/ High Street/ Plaistow Road, which is a former Roman road, and the A124 (Barking Road), which passes south west/ north east through Plaistow and past the West Ham United football ground. Commercial and retail premises are on the A112 at Greengate Street leading north and Prince Regent Lane south, leading to Newham Sixth Form College and along the A124. It contains generally smaller shops compared to Stratford or West Ham. Plaistow North and Plaistow South are two of the ten wards making up the UK parliamentary constituency of West Ham. ==History== The name "Plaistow" is believed to come from Sir Hugh de Plaitz ''(spelling varies)''〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Hugh de Plaiz )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Hugh Plaitz )〕 who, in 1065, married Philippa de Montfitchet, of the Mountfitchet Castle family, who owned the district. It is she who is reputed to have named it the Manor of Plaiz.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Sir hugh de plaiz )〕 A stow was a place of assembly (occasionally a holy place), but also described as a town or village, so it was the village of Plaiz, or assembly place within the Manor, ''"Plaiz-stow"''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Our Town and it's ''(sic)'' surrounds ) 〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Lal and Amy's Web Pages )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Minter Exchange; Eyke, Suffolk; see John William and Susan Elizabeth )〕 In his book ''"What's in a Name?"'', first published in 1977, author Cyril M. Harris states that c. 1200 Plaistow was recorded as "Plagestoue", derived from the Old English "Pleg", meaning sports or playing, and "Stowe" (place). It was a place where miracle plays were performed so it was a "playing place". While the book concentrates on the names of London railway stations, Harris seems to have confused Plaistow in Essex (and later London) with the Plaistow near Crich in Derbyshire, which is recorded as "Plagestoue" in the Darley Charters of 1200.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=The Internet Surname Database )〕 The derivation from "Pleg" and "Stowe" appears to apply equally to all places called Plaistow, however.〔 In 1353 Sir Richard de Playz gave the manor to the abbott of Stratford-Langthorne.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=BRITISH HISTORY ONLINE, WESTHAM, Manor of Playz )〕 Balaam Street is one of the oldest roads in Plaistow. The street was named for Hugh de Balun, who owned property in the area in the 12th century.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=British History Online, West Ham, Manors and estates )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Plaistow, E 13 )〕 James Kemble in his 2007 book ''"Essex Place-Names"'' says it was ''Balostret'' in the 1371 ''Calendar of Inquisitions Miscellaneous'', but associates it with a Walter Balame. Plaistow in Essex is reported as appearing as "Playstowe" in the county's Patent Rolls of 1414.〔 This is also quoted by Kemble, another who cites the derivation from "plegstow" – a place for playing.〔 Following the Dissolution of the Monasteries the manor was appropriated by the Crown, and granted to Sir Roger Cholmeley in 1553.〔 Daniel Defoe's 1724 work, ''"Tour of the Eastern Counties"'' (part of his ''“A tour thro’ the whole island of Great Britain”''), mentions Plaistow as a town in which there had been much new building as well as repairs to existing houses since the Revolution. Plaistow is connected with the legend of notorious highwayman Dick Turpin (born 1705; executed 1739). Several stories state that among Turpin’s first crimes was the theft of two oxen from his employer, a Mr Giles of Plaistow,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=History of Stratford, West Ham, Canning Town, Silvertown etc )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=The Newgate Calendar, Richard Turpin )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Dick Turpin )〕 in 1730.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=A Newham timeline )〕 Turpin is alleged to also have run a smuggling gang which operated between Plaistow and Southend.〔 In Aaron Hill's time there (1738-1750) Plaistow was a rural village described as a day's coach journey from Westminster,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title='Essex Man': Richardson and the Hill Family, 1738-1750 )〕 despite it being a distance of only some . In the 1870s Plaistow was described by John Marius Wilson in his ''Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales'' as a village, a chapelry and a ward in the Parish of West Ham in Essex.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=A Vision of Britain Through Time )〕 The population of the chapelry, which was constituted in 1844, was recorded as 11,214 in 1861.〔 James Thorne, in his 1876 work ''"Handbook to the Environs of London"'', mentions Plaistow, Essex, as a village and ecclesiastical district of West Ham parish with a population of 6,699.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Plaistow, Church Records )〕 Thorne recounts the changes to the old village of Plaistow, with the gentry, merchants and others of renown having gone and the occupations of the residents changed from agricultural and pastoral to manufacturing. John Curwen opened the Plaistow Public School in 1844.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=British History Online, West Ham, Education, Elementary schools founded before 1871 )〕 His son, John Spencer Curwen (who founded the Stratford & East London Music Festival – the oldest English music festival – in 1882),〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Stratford & East London Music Festival )〕 published a paper called ''“Old Plaistow”'' in 1891〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Saffron Walden Town Library: museum bookcase (Entry 269) )〕 describing houses of the area.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=History of Straford, West Ham, Canning Town, Silvertown etc )〕 It was not until 1905 that Plaistow was connected to the telephone network.〔 Plaistow had its own UK Parliamentary constituency from 1918 to 1950. It consisted of the Plaistow and Hudsons wards of the County Borough of West Ham, plus part of the Canning Town ward. The area was heavily damaged during the Blitz in the Second World War.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Plaistow, Green Street, Upton Park and West Ham )〕 The Black Lion public house in the High Street is one of the oldest landmarks in Plaistow and is reputed to date back to at least 1742.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=The Newham Story )〕 It was frequented by West Ham United football players especially such as Bobby Moore in the 1960s and '70s with several West Ham footballers spotted in the area since. Plaistow formed part of the County Borough of West Ham in Essex until 1965, when West Ham joined with the County Borough of East Ham and small parts of Barking and Woolwich to form the London Borough of Newham.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=NEWHAM, LONDON BOROUGH OF )〕 The Plaistow North area is largely made up of a local authority housing estate constructed in the 1960s on a bomb-damaged site. The estate used to include five 14-storey 1960s tower blocks but much has changed and the area has undergone a major redevelopment programme. Just before the end of the 1990s a £92M regeneration programme known as the Forest Gate and Plaistow SRB5 got under way, with the aim of renewing and revitalising neighbourhoods, creating jobs, building new homes and improving many existing ones.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Forest Gate & Plaistow SRB5 Programme )〕 West Ham and Plaistow New Deal for Communities ("NDC"), part of a government programme designed to tackle social exclusion, community safety, unemployment and low educational attainment in areas of severe need throughout the country, was awarded £54.6M to bring about improvements to the local area over a 10-year period to 2010,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Ongoing projects )〕 with the intention of improving the quality of life and providing more opportunities for residents in the West Ham and Plaistow area. In March 2010〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Decision details: West Ham and Plaistow NDC Succession Strategy )〕 the NDC set up Newham New Deal Partnership ("Newham NDP"), a Not-for-Profit organisation, to continue providing community benefit to the NDC area and beyond, and continue the work carried out over the 10 years of the NDC Programme.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=All About Newham NDP )〕 Newham NDP works in partnership with the East London Business Alliance, East Thames Group, London Borough of Newham and One Housing Group〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Partners )〕 to provide community benefits to the area either directly or in partnership with other stakeholders. In January 2013 councillors approved a new housing development of both private and affordable homes on the sight of the old Plaistow Hospital. Construction is expected to begin in March 2013 with completion set for 2015. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Plaistow, Newham」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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